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本文选择新疆中部新塔拉剖面为研究对象,运用炭化种子和花粉等植物指标,对新塔拉先民农业活动及其环境效应进行了探讨。新塔拉小麦炭化种子直接测年为3682～3921 cal.aB.P.,指示新塔拉地区早在3800cal.aB.P.左右已有小麦农业,与古墓沟小麦遗存相当,早于小河墓地小麦遗存。研究显示新塔拉在3600～3900cal.aB.P.之间农业活动以小麦种植为主,黍作为辅。新疆地区干旱气候条件下,农业活动尤其是灌溉农业可导致土地盐碱化加剧。土地盐碱化可能是新塔拉地区3600cal.aB.P.以后农业活动减弱的主要原因。
In this paper, we selected the new Tara section of central Xinjiang as the research object, and discussed the agricultural activities and environmental effects of the new Tara people by using plant indexes such as carbonized seeds and pollen. The new Tara wheat carbonized seeds were measured directly from 3682 to 3921 cal.aB.P., indicating that the new Tara region had wheat farming as early as 3800 cal. AB.P. Cemetery remains of wheat. The study shows that the new Tara between 3600 ~ 3900 cal.aB.P. Agricultural activities mainly wheat planting, millet as a secondary. In arid climate conditions in Xinjiang, agricultural activities, especially irrigated agriculture, can lead to aggravating of land salinization. Land salinization may be the main reason for the weakened agricultural activity in the New Tara region after 3600 cal.aB.P.