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复合材料由于具有比刚度、比强度大、阻尼系数大等特点,目前已广泛用于车辆、船舶、飞机和宇航飞行器的结构中。这些结构大多受动载作用,其阻尼特性研究是一个不容忽视的课题。同时,由于复合材料的阻尼特性对材料内部损伤、纤维与基体脱接等因素十分敏感,国外有人试图通过测定阻尼系数进行非破坏试验及损伤估计。本文给出表征材料和结构阻尼特性的参量,介绍了七十年代以来,国外在复合材料阻尼测试方面的基本方法和相应的装置。
Because of its stiffness, specific strength and large damping coefficient, composite materials have been widely used in the structures of vehicles, ships, aircraft and spacecraft. Most of these structures are affected by the dynamic load, and the research on the damping characteristics is a subject that can not be ignored. At the same time, due to the damping characteristics of the composite material on the internal damage, fiber and matrix and other factors is very sensitive to foreign people trying to determine the damping coefficient of non-destructive testing and damage estimates. In this paper, the parameters that characterize the damping properties of materials and structures are given. The basic methods and corresponding devices for damping testing of composite materials abroad are introduced since the seventies.