论文部分内容阅读
基于生态足迹方法,构建了反映金属矿床露天开采的生态压力的直接和间接生态足迹模型,前者度量露天开采对生态系统的直接损害;后者度量其能耗产生的CO2排放对生态系统的间接冲击。基于生态足迹和生态系统的主要生态服务功能,建立了露天开采的生态成本估算模型,包括直接生态价值损失、外生生态价值损失、复垦成本和能耗生态成本。针对某露天矿的最终境界和生产计划,估算了其生态足迹、生态成本现值和矿山利润现值。该算例显示,总生态成本现值是不考虑生态成本时矿山利润现值的78%,不由矿山经营者负担的外生生态价值损失和能耗生态成本是利润的33%。可见,如果国家强制要求矿山经营者负担全部生态成本的话,露天矿山的投资回报将大幅下降,许多资源条件较差的矿床将不被开发,这对保护资源有积极作用。
Based on the ecological footprint method, direct and indirect ecological footprint models reflecting the ecological pressure in the open-pit mining of metal deposits are constructed. The former measures the direct damage to the ecological system caused by open-pit mining. The latter measures indirect impacts of CO2 emissions from energy consumption on the ecosystem . Based on the ecological footprint and the main ecological service functions of the ecosystem, the ecological cost estimation model for open-pit mining has been established, including direct ecological value loss, exogenous ecological value loss, reclamation cost and ecological cost of energy consumption. In view of the ultimate state and production plan of an open pit mine, its ecological footprint, the present value of ecological cost and the present value of mine profit are estimated. The example shows that the present value of total ecological cost is 78% of the present value of mine profit without considering the ecological cost, the loss of exogenous ecological value not borne by the mine operator and the ecological cost of energy consumption are 33% of the profit. It can be seen that if the state forces the mine operators to bear the full ecological cost, the investment returns of the open pit mines will drop significantly. Many deposits with poor resource conditions will not be exploited, which has a positive effect on resource conservation.