“五族共和”说在辛亥革命后的正式提出,并非个别领导人的民族、宪政观念的忽然转变,而是清末以来立宪派、革命派在民族宪政观论争上几经交锋、对话后所达致的产物。孙中山与南京临时政府虽然提出五族共和主张,但终因南京临时政府的存续时间过短而无力贯彻,倒是继之的北洋政府,在民族治理和相关宪政制度架构上基本采取了“五族共和”的宪政政策;而辛亥革命后南北和议清帝退位,虽然以前常被认为是资产阶级革命不彻底性的体现,但在当时对于维护国家统一、民族团结、边疆安定,起到了相当的积极作用,且更是五族共同缔造共和的最生动彰显。五族共和的宪政实践,是清末立宪以来中国这个多民族大国的民族治理转型和民族国家建构之路的继续,但并未彻底解决这一宪政难题。 The formal proposal made by the “Five Ethnic Communists” after the 1911 Revolution was not an abrupt change in the concept of the nationality or constitutional government of individual leaders. It was because of the clashes between the constitutionalists and the revolutionary parties in the debate on the national constitutionalism since the end of the Qing Dynasty. After the dialogue Achieved product. Although Sun Yat-sen and Nanjing Provisional Government put forward the proposal of the “Five Ethnic Communities,” the Beiyang government, which succeeded the short duration of the interim government in Nanjing, was unable to carry it out. However, the Beiyang government basically adopted the “ Republican ”constitutional policies. After the Revolution of 1911, the abdicates of the North and the South and the Qing Emperor of the Qing dynasty, which used to be regarded as an incomplete manifestation of the bourgeois revolution, had at the time played a considerable role in safeguarding national reunification, national unity and frontier stability Positive role, but also the most vivid manifestation of the five ethnic groups together to create a republic. The constitutional practice of the five ethnic republics is a continuation of the transformation of ethnic governance and the construction of nation-state in China, a multi-ethnic country since the end of Qing Dynasty, but it did not completely solve this constitutional dilemma.