一、前言研究渗流场问题,通常使用计算法及试验法。目前试验方法一般用水电比拟法、电阻网法、砂模型法及狭槽滞流模型法等。这些方法各具有一定的优缺点。近年来有限元法的提出及数字电子计算机的飞速发展,为用计算法解决渗流场问题,提供了有利条件,国内外已有不少经验。由于社会主义建设事业的迅速发展,对于土坝设计由方案比较到一些问题的处理,都要作一些渗流试验工作。例如,陕西省某水库工程先后作了三次渗流试验,另一水库 I. Introduction To study the problem of seepage field, calculation and test methods are usually used. The current test methods generally use the water than the law, the resistance net method, the sand model method and slot stagnation model method. Each of these methods has certain advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, the proposal of finite element method and the rapid development of digital electronic computer have provided favorable conditions for solving the problem of seepage field by using the calculation method. There are already many experiences both at home and abroad. Due to the rapid development of the cause of socialist construction, some seepage test work has to be done for handling the design of earth dams compared to some problems. For example, a reservoir project in Shaanxi Province has made three seepage tests and another reservoir