马克思晚年“人类学笔记”的研究对象虽然不是人,而是社会,尤其是史前社会的本质和发展规律以及东方社会的性质和特殊发展道路,但它作为人类学笔记,又不能不涉及到诸如人类的起源、存在和发展等许多人类学的重要问题,并对之发表了许多重要看法。正因为如此,现代西方人类学界把马克思列为其开创人之一,并把马克思的许多著作选入社会文化人类学名著之列,出现了许多自称为马克思主义的人类学家。这就给我们以重大启迪:马克思晚年“人类学笔记”为我们今天建设马克思主义人类学提供了重要的启示。 Marx's later years “anthropology notes ” research object, though not human, but the nature of society, especially the prehistoric society and the law of development and the nature of the East and the special social development path, but as anthropological notes, but also can not but involve To many important anthropological issues such as the origins, existence and development of human beings, and made many important observations. It is for this reason that modern western anthropology has listed Marx as one of its pioneers and has chosen many of Marx's books for the social and cultural anthropology. Many anthropologists claiming to be Marxist appeared. This gives us a major inspiration: Marx's later years, “Notes on Anthropology” provide an important inspiration for the construction of Marxist anthropology today.