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采用联合国粮农组织最新推荐的模型方法(FAO56),参照毗邻地区的灌溉试验成果和当地群众的灌水经验,对渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花等作物不同生育期的需水量及需水规律进行了分析。结果表明:①作物各生育期需水量的多少,取决于生育期的长短和需水强度;②作物需水量自西向东、自南向北增加,其空间波动与气温、风速和湿度息息相关;③若根据目前渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲农业用水所占总水量的实际比例计算,地表水供给量完全满足作物对需水的要求。如果按国际上发展经济用水占河流总水量的比例计算,河道有效来水量只能满足作物的需水要求。若要全部考虑城镇工业用水、生活用水及农业用水,加上地表水资源的利用率较低、季节变化大,则不能完全满足作物灌溉用水,导致挤占生态用水。
Based on the FAO model recommended by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO56), and referring to the results of irrigation experiments in the adjacent areas and irrigation experience of the local people, the need of growing crops such as winter wheat, summer corn and cotton in the Weigan-Kuqa River Delta oasis Water and water requirements were analyzed. The results showed as follows: (1) The amount of water required during each growth period depends on the length of growth period and water requirement; (2) The crop water demand increases from west to east and from south to north; and the spatial variation is closely related to temperature, wind speed and humidity; According to the actual proportion of the total amount of agricultural water in the Weigan-Kuqa River Delta nowadays, the supply of surface water completely meets the requirement of crops for water demand. According to the international development of economic water accounts for the proportion of total water flow, the effective water supply to the river can only meet the crop water requirements. Considering urban industrial water, domestic water and agricultural water, together with the low utilization rate of surface water resources and large seasonal variations, can not fully meet the needs of crop irrigation water and cause the diversion of ecological water.