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丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)是单股正链的RNA病毒,全长为9.6kb,包括1个大的开放阅读框(ORF)和两侧的5′,3′非编码区(UTRs).核糖体通过进入HCV5′UTR端的内部核糖体进入位点(IRES),将HCV基因组翻译成1个聚蛋白前体.前体聚蛋白被宿主和病毒的蛋白酶共同切割成为若干个具有独立功能的HCV蛋白,根据功能的不同分别命名为C、E1、E2、p7、NS2、NS3、NS4A、NS4B、NS5A和NS5B,它们不但在HCV的生活史中发挥着重要的作用,也影响着宿主细胞的信号传导、凋亡及物质代谢等一系列生化过程.近年来,随着HCV体外细胞摸型的不断发展,其病毒分子生物学方面的研究取得了很大的进展.本文从基因组结构及其编码的蛋白功能等方面阐述了HCV病毒的研究进展,为致病机理的研究及抗HCV药物的开发和疫苗研制等提供理论基础.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a full-length of 9.6kb and consists of a large open reading frame (ORF) and 5 ’and 3’ non-coding regions flanked by UTRs.) The ribosome translates the HCV genome into a polyprotein precursor by entering the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at the 5 ’UTR of the HCV.The precursor polyprotein is co-cleaved by the host and viral proteases into a number of independent Functional HCV proteins, named C, E1, E2, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B, respectively, according to their function, not only play an important role in the life cycle of HCV, but also affect the host Cell signal transduction, apoptosis and substance metabolism and a series of biochemical processes.In recent years, with the continuous development of in vitro cell-like HCV, great progress has been made in the field of virus molecular biology.In this paper, Its encoded protein function and other aspects of the research progress of HCV virus for the study of pathogenesis and development of anti-HCV drugs and vaccine research to provide a theoretical basis.