全面质量管理的方法和工具十分丰富,各有其特点和适用性,班组要根据具体工作的需要,有选择地采用。除PDCA循环法外,最为常用的是7种收集、分析、确定质量问题,控制、改进质量水平的基本方法。即统计分析表法、措施计划表法、主次因素排列图法、因果分析图法、直方图法、控制图法和散布图法。其中,因果分析图又称石川图、特性要因图、树枝图、鱼刺图等,是揭示质量特性波动与其潜在原因关系,即因果关系的一种图表。主次因素排列又叫帕累托图,是找出主要问题的一种图表方法。因果分析图和主次因素排列图的适用面很广,既适用于制造业也适 Total quality management methods and tools are very rich, each with its own characteristics and applicability, team should be based on the needs of specific work, selectively adopted. In addition to the PDCA cycle, the seven most commonly used are basic methods of collecting, analyzing, determining quality problems, controlling, and improving quality levels. The statistical analysis of the table method, the measure schedule method, the ranking of primary and secondary factors, causal analysis chart, histogram, control chart and scatter chart. Among them, the causal analysis, also known as Ishikawa Figure, feature due to map, branch map, fishbone map, is to reveal the relationship between quality characteristics fluctuations and its potential causes, that is, a causal relationship chart. The arrangement of primary and secondary factors, also known as Pareto charts, is a graphical way of identifying the main problems. Causal analysis of the map and the arrangement of the primary and secondary factors is very wide range of applications, both suitable for manufacturing as well