东非海岸盆地渐新世浊积体沉积特征及油气勘探意义

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深水浊积砂体是东非海岸油气勘探的重要领域.利用钻井、测井及地震资料,对东非海岸的鲁伍马和坦桑尼亚盆地渐新统浊积体的类型和展布特征进行了分析,从“源—汇”系统的角度探讨了大型浊积体差异分布的控制因素.研究表明:研究区深水浊积体的沉积类型多样,可划分为两类5种不同的沉积类型.受河流—三角洲物源体系的控制,鲁伍马和坦桑尼亚盆地形成4大“源—汇”体系.物源供给和地形(陆架宽度及陆坡坡度)是浊积体差异分布的主控因素,鲁北和坦中地区深水浊积体总体规模最大,其次为坦北,坦南地区最小.鲁北为窄陆架—陡陆坡背景下的大型河流供给体系,深水区发育由水道和朵叶组成的大型浊积体.坦南为窄陆架—陡陆坡背景下的小型多源供给体系,以孤立型水道和朵叶构成的小型浊积体为主.坦中为宽陆架—缓陆坡背景下大型河流供给体系,深水区发育由水道和朵叶组成的大型浊积体,其规模与鲁北地区相当.坦北地区为宽陆架—缓陆坡背景下中型多源供给体系,但物源规模相对鲁北和坦中地区较小,浊积体规模中等.深水浊积砂体规模控制了东非海岸深水区岩性或构造-岩性圈闭的大小,进而控制了天然气藏的规模,因此,寻找大型深水浊积砂体是东非海岸天然气勘探的关键.
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