AIM: To investigate the associations between miRNA-103(mi R-103) and insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 50 NAFLD patients who were overweight or obese(NAFLD group) and from 30 healthy subjects who served as controls(normal control group). Quantitative polymerasechain reaction was used to detect expression of mi R-103. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and triglyceride(TG) levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment was used to evaluate basal insulin resistance(HOMA-IR). Patient height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index(BMI).RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, higher serum levels of mi R-103 were expressed in the NAFLD group(8.18 ± 0.73 vs 4.23 ± 0.81, P = 0.000). When P = 0.01(bilateral), mi R-103 was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(r = 0.881), TG(r = 0.774) and BMI(r = 0.878), respectively. mi R-103, TG and BMI were all independent factors for HOMAIR(β = 0.438/0.657/0.251, P = 0.000/0.007/0.001). mi R-103, TG, BMI and HOMA-IR were all risk factors for NAFLD(odds ratio = 2.411/16.196/1.574/19.11, P = 0.009/0.022/0.01/0.014).CONCLUSION: mi R-103 is involved in insulin resistance and NAFLD, and may be a molecular link between insulin resistance and NAFLD and a therapeutic target for these disorders. AIM: To investigate the associations between miRNA-103 (mi R-103) and insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 50 NAFLD patients who were overweight or obese (NAFLD group) and from 30 Fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment was used to evaluate basal RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, higher serum levels of mi R-103 were expressed in the NAFLD group (8.18 ± 0.73 (r = 0.774) and BMI (r = 0.878), respectively, when P = 0.01 (bilateral), mi R-103 was positively correlated with HOMA-IR . mi R-103, TG and BMI were all independent factors for HOMAIR (β = 0.438 / 0.6 MI odds ratio = 2.411 / 16.196 / 1.574 / 19.11, P = 0.009 / 0.022 / 0.01 (P = 0.000 / 0.007 / /0.014). CONCLUSION: mi R-103 is involved in insulin resistance and NAFLD, and may be a molecular link between insulin resistance and NAFLD and a therapeutic target for these disorders.