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一、人称代词的概论
人称代词是用来指人、动物或事物的代词。有人称,数和格的变化。
二、人称代词的变化
三、使用人称代词的几个重点
如果是两个或两个以上的人称代词并用时,从礼貌上通常以这样的顺序出现:
1. 单数代词:①you ②he, she ③I
我和你You and I, 他和你You and he, 我和他 He and I, 你我他You, he and I
玛丽和我是同学。Mary and I are classmates.
你我他是好朋友。You, he and I are good friends.
2. 如果是复数代词时,顺序会改变:①we ②you ③they
We and they; We and you; You and they; We, you and they
我们,你们和他们都是好学生。We, you and they are good students.
我们与他们经常一起去购物。We and they often go shopping together.
3. 如果是第三人称男女两性并用时,男先女后。
她和他都是15岁。Both he and she are fifteen years old.
4. 如果是承认过失,表示不吉祥的事,或有不好的意思时,单数按1,3,2,即I, he and you的人称排列; 复数按3,2,1,即They, you and we的人称排列。
我和汤姆打破了这个窗户。I and Tom broke the window.
我、他和你今天都迟到了。I, he and you are late today.
我们,你们还有他们应该马上离开那儿。We, you and they should leave there at once.
5. 如果是和比自己身份低的人或动物并用时,先说I。
孩子们和我一起去游泳。I and my children go swimming together.
四、人称代词的格
根据人称代词在句中的作用可分为:主格和宾格。主格在句中主要用作主语,宾格用作宾语。
①She is always smiling on her face. 她总是面带微笑。
②The teacher thinks we are wrong. 老师认为我们错了。
③My dad usually sends my sister and me to school. 爸爸常常送我和妹妹去上学。
五、人称代词作宾语的用法
人称代词只能作及物动词的宾语或者介词的宾语——即作动词+介词的宾语,用符号表示为:vt.+O, prep.+O即vi.+prep.+O (vt.代表及物动词,vi.代表不及物动词,O代表宾语) 如:
He often reads books with his brother. 他经常和他的弟弟一起看书。(vt.+O)
We look after our new students at school. 在校内,我们照顾我们的新同学。(vi.+prep.+O)
六、同学们常出现在作业中的典型错误
①误: Mum often gives Mary and I some cakes.
正: Mum often gives Mary and me some cakes.
析: 玛丽和我都是作宾语(间接宾语),故应用宾格,主格不能作宾语。
②误: I always do homework at home.
正: I always do my homework at home.
析: do one’s homework 是固定结构,不能少了中间的代词(物主代词),应加上my。
③误: Jack knows my both sisters.
正: Jack knows both my sisters.
析: 像my, your, his, her, our, their等这一类代词(物主代词),与both, all这些词一起使用时,必须放在both, all的后面。
④误: I, Andy and Rosa are singing a song now.
正: Andy, Rosa and I are singing a song now.
析: ①首先要考虑:“如果是第三人称男女两性并用时,男先女后”。这里Andy是男孩,Rosa是女孩,故Andy在最前面;②其次要考虑“如果是两个或两个以上的人称代词并用时,从礼貌上通常为2-3-1”。这里没有第二人称代词,故将Andy, Rosa放在前面,而把I放在最后。
七、中考典型习题练练兵
1. Xiao Shengyang says that ____ job is to make people happy.(09临沂)
A. his B. he C. him D. himself
2. ——Is this kite ____, Tom?
——Yes, it’s mine. It’s made by ____.(09成都)
A. yours; myself B. mine; myself C. ours; himself
3. ——Excuse me. I want to buy some milk. Where can I find a shop?(09成都)
——Oh, I know ____ not far from my home.
A. it B. that C. one
4. ——Linda, help ____ to some fruit. (09重庆)
——Thank you!
A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselve
5. ——What a nice MP5!Whose is it?
——It’s ____. My father bought it for me.(09河南)
A. me B. him C. his D. mine
6. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and ____ like him very much.(09北京)
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
[Key:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A]
人称代词是用来指人、动物或事物的代词。有人称,数和格的变化。
二、人称代词的变化
三、使用人称代词的几个重点
如果是两个或两个以上的人称代词并用时,从礼貌上通常以这样的顺序出现:
1. 单数代词:①you ②he, she ③I
我和你You and I, 他和你You and he, 我和他 He and I, 你我他You, he and I
玛丽和我是同学。Mary and I are classmates.
你我他是好朋友。You, he and I are good friends.
2. 如果是复数代词时,顺序会改变:①we ②you ③they
We and they; We and you; You and they; We, you and they
我们,你们和他们都是好学生。We, you and they are good students.
我们与他们经常一起去购物。We and they often go shopping together.
3. 如果是第三人称男女两性并用时,男先女后。
她和他都是15岁。Both he and she are fifteen years old.
4. 如果是承认过失,表示不吉祥的事,或有不好的意思时,单数按1,3,2,即I, he and you的人称排列; 复数按3,2,1,即They, you and we的人称排列。
我和汤姆打破了这个窗户。I and Tom broke the window.
我、他和你今天都迟到了。I, he and you are late today.
我们,你们还有他们应该马上离开那儿。We, you and they should leave there at once.
5. 如果是和比自己身份低的人或动物并用时,先说I。
孩子们和我一起去游泳。I and my children go swimming together.
四、人称代词的格
根据人称代词在句中的作用可分为:主格和宾格。主格在句中主要用作主语,宾格用作宾语。
①She is always smiling on her face. 她总是面带微笑。
②The teacher thinks we are wrong. 老师认为我们错了。
③My dad usually sends my sister and me to school. 爸爸常常送我和妹妹去上学。
五、人称代词作宾语的用法
人称代词只能作及物动词的宾语或者介词的宾语——即作动词+介词的宾语,用符号表示为:vt.+O, prep.+O即vi.+prep.+O (vt.代表及物动词,vi.代表不及物动词,O代表宾语) 如:
He often reads books with his brother. 他经常和他的弟弟一起看书。(vt.+O)
We look after our new students at school. 在校内,我们照顾我们的新同学。(vi.+prep.+O)
六、同学们常出现在作业中的典型错误
①误: Mum often gives Mary and I some cakes.
正: Mum often gives Mary and me some cakes.
析: 玛丽和我都是作宾语(间接宾语),故应用宾格,主格不能作宾语。
②误: I always do homework at home.
正: I always do my homework at home.
析: do one’s homework 是固定结构,不能少了中间的代词(物主代词),应加上my。
③误: Jack knows my both sisters.
正: Jack knows both my sisters.
析: 像my, your, his, her, our, their等这一类代词(物主代词),与both, all这些词一起使用时,必须放在both, all的后面。
④误: I, Andy and Rosa are singing a song now.
正: Andy, Rosa and I are singing a song now.
析: ①首先要考虑:“如果是第三人称男女两性并用时,男先女后”。这里Andy是男孩,Rosa是女孩,故Andy在最前面;②其次要考虑“如果是两个或两个以上的人称代词并用时,从礼貌上通常为2-3-1”。这里没有第二人称代词,故将Andy, Rosa放在前面,而把I放在最后。
七、中考典型习题练练兵
1. Xiao Shengyang says that ____ job is to make people happy.(09临沂)
A. his B. he C. him D. himself
2. ——Is this kite ____, Tom?
——Yes, it’s mine. It’s made by ____.(09成都)
A. yours; myself B. mine; myself C. ours; himself
3. ——Excuse me. I want to buy some milk. Where can I find a shop?(09成都)
——Oh, I know ____ not far from my home.
A. it B. that C. one
4. ——Linda, help ____ to some fruit. (09重庆)
——Thank you!
A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselve
5. ——What a nice MP5!Whose is it?
——It’s ____. My father bought it for me.(09河南)
A. me B. him C. his D. mine
6. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and ____ like him very much.(09北京)
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
[Key:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A]