我院近4年共收治婴幼儿自发性气胸5例。男4例,女1例;年龄最小3个月,最大2岁,平均13个月。临床表现均有发热、咳嗽,其中4例有呼吸困难、大汗淋漓、口唇四肢发绀。末梢血白细胞计数10～19×10~9/L3例,20～30×10~9/L2例。胸片为右侧气胸3例,左侧1例,两侧1例;气胸压缩情况:右肺压缩50～60％2例,30％1例,左肺压缩60％1例,两 Nearly 4 years in our hospital admitted to spontaneous pneumothorax in 5 cases. 4 males and 1 females; the youngest 3 months, maximum 2 years old, an average of 13 months. Clinical manifestations are fever, cough, of which 4 cases of dyspnea, sweating, lips and limbs cyanosis. Peripheral blood leukocytes count 10 ~ 19 × 10 ~ 9 / L3 cases, 20 ~ 30 × 10 ~ 9 / L2 cases. The chest radiographs were 3 cases of right pneumothorax, 1 case of left side and 1 case of bilateral pneumothorax. Compression of pneumothorax was found in 2 cases of right lung compression of 50-60%, in 1 case of 30% and in left lung compression of 60% in 1 case,