一、引言为了确保产品质量合乎规定的指标,通常要对产品进行百分之百的检验,这对某些产品是可行的,为对少量生产的、贵重的、有特殊要求的产品可以采用全部检验的办法,在人力上、经济上都是许可的,这也是工业发展初期广泛采用的方法。随着近代工业的发展,生产规模和产品数量大大增加,有时候要对全部产品进行质量检验会遇到很多困难,甚至是不可能的,在这些情况下常代之以抽样检验的办法。例如,半导体器件厂要把成千上万的大批产品提交使用方时,常常要检查一下这批器件参数是否准确,分类包装是否有错误,在提交前的存放过程中参数是否有过大的变化等等。如果把全部器件拆封重测,工作量极大,也容易引入新的错误。环境试验常常是有 I. INTRODUCTION In order to ensure the conformity of the product quality to the specified index, it is usually necessary to test the product one hundred percent. This is feasible for some products and can be used for all tests on a small quantity of products, expensive products with special requirements , Both human and financially permissible, is also a widely adopted method in the early stages of industrial development. With the development of modern industry, the scale of production and the number of products have greatly increased. Sometimes it is difficult or even impossible to carry out the quality inspection of all products. In these cases, it is often replaced by a sample inspection. For example, when a semiconductor device manufacturer submits hundreds of thousands of products to a consumer, it is often necessary to check whether the parameters of the devices are accurate, whether there is any error in the classification of the device, whether the parameters have changed too much during storage before submission and many more. If all the devices unpacking retest, workload, but also easy to introduce new mistakes. Environmental tests are often there