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目的了解陕西部分农村地区儿童青少年维生素A、维生素D营养现状,为农村地区儿童青少年营养改善工作提供依据。方法随机抽取陕西省参加“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”的重点监测县扶风县、旬阳县、勉县中小学学生,采集空腹静脉血,采用同位素稀释超高压液相色谱串联质谱方法对血清维生素A、25(OH)D进行测量。结果调查儿童青少年血清维生素A的水平为(110.0~640.0)ng/m L,均值为(293.0±65.4)ng/m L。第5百分位、第95百分位数和中位数分别为200.0,413.0和284.8 ng/m L。总的维生素A缺乏率为3.8%,亚临床缺乏者为59.2%。随年龄的增长,血清维生素A水平呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(F=21.509,P<0.05)。25(OH)D的水平为(2.70~43.40)ng/m L,均值为(16.7±6.8)ng/m L。第5百分位、第95百分位数和中位数分别为7.6,29.1和15.3 ng/m L。学生的25(OH)D缺乏率为14.7%,亚临床缺乏者为55.6%。随年龄的增长,血清25(OH)D水平呈下降趋势,年龄段之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别之间维生素A及25(OH)D的缺乏率差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论陕西部分地区农村学生维生素A、维生素D微量营养素状况不容乐观,大部分处于亚临床缺乏状态。相关部门应高度重视,加大营养改善力度。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of vitamin A and vitamin D in children and adolescents in some rural areas of Shaanxi and provide the basis for the nutrition improvement of children and adolescents in rural areas. Methods We selected randomly key students from Fufeng County, Xunyang County and Mian County of Shaanxi Province to participate in the “Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students” to collect fasting venous blood. We used isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Serum vitamin A, 25 (OH) D was measured. Results The level of serum vitamin A in children and adolescents was (110.0 ~ 640.0) ng / m L, with a mean of (293.0 ± 65.4) ng / m L. The 5th percentile, the 95th percentile and the median were 200.0, 413.0 and 284.8 ng / m L, respectively. Total vitamin A deficiency was 3.8% and subclinical deficiency was 59.2%. With age, serum vitamin A levels showed an upward trend, the difference was statistically significant (F = 21.509, P <0.05). The level of 25 (OH) D was (2.70 ~ 43.40) ng / m L, with an average of (16.7 ± 6.8) ng / m L. The 5th percentile, the 95th percentile and the median were 7.6, 29.1 and 15.3 ng / m L, respectively. Students had a 25 (OH) D deficiency rate of 14.7% and subclinical deficiencies of 55.6%. With the increase of age, serum 25 (OH) D level showed a downward trend, the difference between the age groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the lack of vitamin A and 25 (OH) D between different genders (P> 0.05). Conclusion The status of vitamin A and vitamin D micronutrient in rural students in some areas of Shaanxi Province is not optimistic, most of which are in the state of subclinical deficiency. Relevant departments should attach great importance to increase nutrition to improve efforts.