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中枢神经系统内存在可以再生及分化的神经干细胞,主要集中于侧脑室外侧壁的室下带(subventricular zone,SVZ)及海马齿状回的颗粒层(subgranular zone,SGZ)这两个内源性神经干细胞富集区,可以在某一特定的条件下被激活,并分化成为具有一特定功能的神经细胞,这一重要发现为利用其再生及分化能力代偿神经系统变性疾病丢失的神经元功能提供了可能性。目前很多研究通过尸检及动物实验证实,包括帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、阿尔兹海默症、脊髓侧索硬化症在内的多种神经系统变性疾病中脑损伤部位存在神经干细胞的增殖、迁移及分化,而多种因素有助于调节这种神经再生过程,包括一些涉及氧化应激过程的炎性因子、神经营养因子家族及中枢神经系统的神经递质成分,这些因素也为一些难治性神经系统变性疾病提供了可能的治疗策略,我们就内源性神经干细胞与神经系统变形疾病的关系及其可能的调节因素做一概述。
In the central nervous system, there are regenerative and differentiated neural stem cells, which are mainly concentrated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. The neural stem cell-rich region, which can be activated under certain conditions and differentiates into neurons with a specific function, is an important finding for the use of its ability to regenerate and differentiate to compensate for loss of neuronal function in degenerative diseases of the nervous system Provided the possibility. At present, many studies have confirmed through autopsy and animal experiments that the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in the brain injury sites of various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and spinal cord sclerosis And differentiation, and many factors help regulate this process of nerve regeneration, including some involved in the process of oxidative stress inflammatory factors, neurotrophic factor family and the central nervous system neurotransmitter components, these factors are also some refractory Nervous system degenerative diseases provide possible therapeutic strategies. We summarize the relationship between endogenous neural stem cells and neurodegenerative diseases and their possible regulatory factors.