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(一)现实的第二环境和 虚拟的第二环境 让人物越出常轨有两种:一种是进入非 常轨的现实境界,一种是进入非常轨的虚幻 境界。表面上看来,现代、当代小说所设置 的大都是现实境界,只有童话或者神话、武 侠小说才是虚幻的假定的境界。其实,不管 什么样的题材,所设置的境界都带有假定 性。只是有些假定境界的特点是超现实的梦 幻性的,有些假定境界则是严格的现实性的。 超现实的境界,在西方表现历史和表现 未来的小说中比比皆是,但是这些都非小说 的正宗。在西方小说中,用得最多的是梦 境。例如美国作家霍桑写了一个青年大卫·
(A) the second reality of the environment and the virtual second environment so that people out of track more than two kinds: one is to enter the very real realm of the state, one is to enter the unreal railroad realm. On the surface, modern and contemporary novels are mostly set realistic reality, only the fairy tales or myths, martial arts novels is illusory hypothetical realm. In fact, no matter what kind of theme, the settings are all hypothetical realm. Only some assume that realm is characterized by surreal fantasy, and some hypothetical realms are strictly realistic. The surreal realm abounds in the history of the West and the future of the novel, but these are not the authenticity of the novel. In the western novel, the most used is the dream. For example, the American writer Hawthorne wrote a young David