现代化的蜜月期在任何地方都不会太长,有时候现代化不过刚刚萌芽,它的深层次矛盾就充分展开了,现代思想家的处境往往是一边竭力推动现代化,一边修改、重组乃至反思现代化的方案。哲学思辨直接参与社会进程,是现代化发轫五百年来的基本现象。以笛卡尔为例,他不但奠定了现代思想的主客二元结构,而且为现代社会设立了另一对张力结构:一方面他有一套坦率但是低调的机械唯物主义学说,和他的主体性理论一起,把现代社会的科学性与个体性置于现实处境之中; The modern honeymoon period will not be too long anywhere. Sometimes the modernization is just emerging. Its deep-seated contradictions are fully developed. The modern thinkers are often in a situation where they are trying hard to promote modernization while revising, reorganizing or even modernizing their programs . The direct participation of philosophical speculation in the social process is a fundamental phenomenon in the five centuries since the onset of modernization. Taking Descartes as an example, he not only laid down the dual structure of subject and object of modern thought, but also established another tension structure for modern society: on the one hand, he had a straightforward but low-key theory of mechanical materialism and his subjectivity theory Together, we should put the scientific nature and individuality of the modern society in a realistic situation.