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在蔬菜氮肥长期定位试验条件下研究了不同施肥处理对土壤肥力变化的影响。明确了长期施用有机肥对增加菜田土壤有机质含量的作用及其变化过程，施用氮素化肥对增加土壤有机质含量作用不大以及土壤有机质分解的缓慢过程。虽然施用有机肥对维持土壤养分平衡有着积极作用，但长期不施磷、钾肥仍然会导致土壤磷、钾养分的亏缺。在偏施特别是多施氮素化肥条件下，土壤交换性盐基总量及交换性Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋含量明显下降，土壤ｐＨ值降低，逐渐向酸性方向恶化。从施肥角度提出了防止菜田土壤恶化的对策。
The effects of different fertilization treatments on the changes of soil fertility were studied under long-term nitrogen fertilization experiments. The effect and mechanism of long-term application of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter content in vegetable field were clarified. The effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on the increase of soil organic matter content was not obvious and the decomposition of soil organic matter was slow. Although organic manure has a positive effect on maintaining soil nutrient balance, it does not apply phosphorus for a long time. Potash fertilizer still causes the deficit of phosphorus and potassium in soil. Under the conditions of partial application of special fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, the content of total exchangeable base and exchangeable Ca2 + and Mg2 + in soil decreased obviously, and the pH value of soil decreased and gradually decreased to acidic direction. From the point of fertilization, we put forward some countermeasures to prevent the soil from deteriorating.