三类真核RNA聚合酶分别选择性地转录细胞核基因,其转录特异性并不决定于RNA聚合酶本身,而是取决于被转录基因的启动子元件及能识别并结合这些元件的普通转录因子,它们与RNA聚合酶相互作用,在启动子区组装成转录起始复合物,从而起动转录。已知的三类普通转录因子中,大多数为相应RNA聚合酶所专用,只有少数因子中的个别亚基是三类酶所通用。本文简述这三类普通转录因子的结构、性质及其在转录中的功能。 The three types of eukaryotic RNA polymerases selectively transcribe nuclear genes, respectively, whose transcriptional specificity does not depend on the RNA polymerase itself but on the promoter elements of the transcribed gene and the usual transcription factors that recognize and bind these elements , Which interact with RNA polymerase and assemble into a transcriptional initiation complex in the promoter region to initiate transcription. Of the three known types of common transcription factors, most are specific to the corresponding RNA polymerase, and only a few of the few subunits are common to the three classes of enzymes. This article briefly describes the structure, properties and functions of these three common transcription factors in transcription.