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摘要:理答是一种重理答是一种重要的教学对话,直接影响学生对某个问题的理解和下一步的学习进程。在教学过程中,教师若能合理利用好课堂的生成性资源,通过追问、转问、探问等发展性理答,凸显历史课堂教学思维的张力,让课堂在动态的过程中形成开放、民主的教学氛围,会使课堂更加精彩,教学更加有效,最终促进学生的主动发展。
关键词:初中英语;听说课;发展性理答
听说课主要分为听说前、听说时和听说后三个阶段。听说前,教师运用多种手段创设情景,介绍新的语言材料,指导学生理解和掌握知识,为听说做准备。听说活动是指教师在呈现完新的语言项目后,通过听、读,说的形式对文本材料进行处理,听说活动的设计要有层次性,遵循由难到易的原则。听后活动主要与说的技能相结合,就是语言输出的过程,指教师在学生完全理解和掌握新授的语言知识的基础上,组织学生进行创造性的语言实践活动,帮助学生运用语言进行交际,培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
理答教师对学生回答问题后的反应和处理,是教师对学生答问结果及表现给予明确的有效的评价,以引起学生的注意和思考,从而帮助他们调整和控制后续学习的行为。理答有积极和消极之分。积极的理答又包括非语言理答和语言性理答。语言性理答包括激励性理答、诊断性理答、再组织理答和发展性理答。发展性理答主要包括探问,追问,转问和反问。该篇主要分析发展性理答在初中英语课堂听说课的使用。
转问经常出现在当学生回答不出来或者回答有误时,老师不是代替学生说出正确的答案,而是将问题抛给其他学生,这样做的目的是让问题得到更好的解决。
【教学片段1】在英语(外研社)八年级上册Module3Unit1时,学生要学习使用am/is/are going to制定计划。
T:OK. What are you going to do at the weekend?
S1:I am playing basketball.
T:Wait a moment . S2,What are you going to do at the weekend ?
S2:I am going to do my homework at the weekend.
T:What about you?
S3:I am going to go over my lesson at the weekend.
T:S1,What are you going to do after school at the weekend?
S1:I am going to play basketball.
探问指的是课堂上学生由于掌握不全面,问题表达方式模棱两可等原因理答错误时,教师将这个问题转化成几个利于理解的小问题,或者另提一个问题,由表及里、由此及彼、举一反三,让学生对原来的问题产生正确的认识和理解的理答方式。
【教学片段2】在英语(外研社)八年级下册Module8Unit1 时,学生要学习描述事故。老师利用了一张交通事故照片学习新的词汇。
T:What is happening the picture? Can you describe it?
S:(沉默).
T:How many people are there in the picture? And who are they?
S:There are four people:a driver, a student, a doctor and a policewoman.
T:What were they doing ?
S:The doctor is checking the student and the policewomen is asking the driver’s question.
T:What’s wrong with the student?
S:He fell off the bike and hurt his knee.
T:Try to describe the picture by yourself.
S:There is an accident in the street. A driver hit a student.an doctor is checking the student and the policewomen is asking the driver’s question.
T:Well-done.
转问和探问多用于听说前presentation中让学生感知、体会并掌握语言知识。追问指学生回答某个问题后,为了引领学生更加深入的思考,就这学生的回答进一步提问。
【教学片段3】在英语(外研社)八年级下册Module8 Unit1第一课时,学生要学的内容描述卡通片。
T:What cartoon did Tony and Daming watch at last ?
S:Tom and Jerry.
T:Why did they they both like Tom and Jerry?
S:Because it is humorous and Tom and Jerry are very funny.
反问是引导学生逆向思维发问,让学生反着想这样对吗,进而回答明确自己的不足之处。
【教學片段4】在英语(外研社)八年级上册Module12 Unit1第一课时,学生要学的内容是急救常识。
T:What should you do if your classmate falls down and is badly hurt?
S:Lift him up.
T:Will you drop him and hurt him more seriously?
S:I’m not sure.Keep where he is.
T:So what should you do?
S:Keep where he is.
追问和反问主要用于听说活动中促进学生对听力材料的理解。追问还可以用于听说后课文的复述。
参考文献:
[1]季梦玘.课堂提问技巧在初中英语教学中的应用研究[J].英语广场,2019(8):157-158.
关键词:初中英语;听说课;发展性理答
听说课主要分为听说前、听说时和听说后三个阶段。听说前,教师运用多种手段创设情景,介绍新的语言材料,指导学生理解和掌握知识,为听说做准备。听说活动是指教师在呈现完新的语言项目后,通过听、读,说的形式对文本材料进行处理,听说活动的设计要有层次性,遵循由难到易的原则。听后活动主要与说的技能相结合,就是语言输出的过程,指教师在学生完全理解和掌握新授的语言知识的基础上,组织学生进行创造性的语言实践活动,帮助学生运用语言进行交际,培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
理答教师对学生回答问题后的反应和处理,是教师对学生答问结果及表现给予明确的有效的评价,以引起学生的注意和思考,从而帮助他们调整和控制后续学习的行为。理答有积极和消极之分。积极的理答又包括非语言理答和语言性理答。语言性理答包括激励性理答、诊断性理答、再组织理答和发展性理答。发展性理答主要包括探问,追问,转问和反问。该篇主要分析发展性理答在初中英语课堂听说课的使用。
转问经常出现在当学生回答不出来或者回答有误时,老师不是代替学生说出正确的答案,而是将问题抛给其他学生,这样做的目的是让问题得到更好的解决。
【教学片段1】在英语(外研社)八年级上册Module3Unit1时,学生要学习使用am/is/are going to制定计划。
T:OK. What are you going to do at the weekend?
S1:I am playing basketball.
T:Wait a moment . S2,What are you going to do at the weekend ?
S2:I am going to do my homework at the weekend.
T:What about you?
S3:I am going to go over my lesson at the weekend.
T:S1,What are you going to do after school at the weekend?
S1:I am going to play basketball.
探问指的是课堂上学生由于掌握不全面,问题表达方式模棱两可等原因理答错误时,教师将这个问题转化成几个利于理解的小问题,或者另提一个问题,由表及里、由此及彼、举一反三,让学生对原来的问题产生正确的认识和理解的理答方式。
【教学片段2】在英语(外研社)八年级下册Module8Unit1 时,学生要学习描述事故。老师利用了一张交通事故照片学习新的词汇。
T:What is happening the picture? Can you describe it?
S:(沉默).
T:How many people are there in the picture? And who are they?
S:There are four people:a driver, a student, a doctor and a policewoman.
T:What were they doing ?
S:The doctor is checking the student and the policewomen is asking the driver’s question.
T:What’s wrong with the student?
S:He fell off the bike and hurt his knee.
T:Try to describe the picture by yourself.
S:There is an accident in the street. A driver hit a student.an doctor is checking the student and the policewomen is asking the driver’s question.
T:Well-done.
转问和探问多用于听说前presentation中让学生感知、体会并掌握语言知识。追问指学生回答某个问题后,为了引领学生更加深入的思考,就这学生的回答进一步提问。
【教学片段3】在英语(外研社)八年级下册Module8 Unit1第一课时,学生要学的内容描述卡通片。
T:What cartoon did Tony and Daming watch at last ?
S:Tom and Jerry.
T:Why did they they both like Tom and Jerry?
S:Because it is humorous and Tom and Jerry are very funny.
反问是引导学生逆向思维发问,让学生反着想这样对吗,进而回答明确自己的不足之处。
【教學片段4】在英语(外研社)八年级上册Module12 Unit1第一课时,学生要学的内容是急救常识。
T:What should you do if your classmate falls down and is badly hurt?
S:Lift him up.
T:Will you drop him and hurt him more seriously?
S:I’m not sure.Keep where he is.
T:So what should you do?
S:Keep where he is.
追问和反问主要用于听说活动中促进学生对听力材料的理解。追问还可以用于听说后课文的复述。
参考文献:
[1]季梦玘.课堂提问技巧在初中英语教学中的应用研究[J].英语广场,2019(8):157-158.