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设计一种脱靶距离最小的导弹系统,要受技术水平、可用资金等一些因素的限制,但随着时间推移,以前制定的导弹部件选择标准,由于种种原因,例如敌方飞机机动性提高等而可能要发生改变。从制导武器精度的观点来看,最值得改进的是导引头,而主要是利用最近迅速发展的半导体技术。我们曾对自认为是标准的导引头进行了研究,以便在较长距离内获得较好的目标鉴别,这种标准导引头是由装在陀螺框架上的光学装置和带有调频解调器的旋转辐射型调频调制盘组成,或是由几种目前用于空-空制导任务的导引头的混合形式组成。这种导引头中的噪声起因于背景、调制盘和探测器。背景噪声主要由云引起,用螺旋形双色调制盘就可以解决。调制盘噪声是由于其双色部分的发射率不同而引起的,由随机存取存储器将探测器输出的波形存储起来,在出现目标时再把它减去,就可以克服这种噪声。探测器噪声利用梳状滤波器来降低,这种滤波器用戽斗式电荷耦合器件作延迟元件。应用这些技术,仍然会有大背景引起的噪声,但通过调态发射时间的阈电平,差不多可消除掉。上述所用方法并非新方法,在许多书中(例如参考文献[1]、[2])都可找到理论探讨,但只有采用现代技术才能实现,然而迄今为止发表的实验结果很少。图1说明导引头改进的简况。
The design of a missile system with the minimum off-target distance is limited by some factors such as technical level and available funds. However, with the passage of time, the previously selected criteria for the selection of missile components have been hindered by various reasons, such as the increase in maneuverability of enemy aircraft and the like May need to change. From the point of view of the accuracy of guided weapons, the most noteworthy improvement is the Seeker, which is based mainly on the recent rapid advances in semiconductor technology. We have studied what we consider to be standard seekers to achieve better target identification over longer distances. This standard seeker consists of an optical unit mounted on a gyro frame and a tuner with FM demodulation Rotary Radiated FM Modulation Disk, or a combination of several seeker heads currently used for air-to-air guidance missions. The noise in this seeker results from the background, the modulation disk and the detector. The background noise is mainly caused by the cloud, which can be solved with a spiral two-color modulation disk. Modulation disk noise is due to the difference in emissivity of its two-color portions, which can be overcome by storing the waveform of the detector output by a random access memory and then subtracting it from the target. The detector noise is reduced by a comb filter, which uses a bucket-type charge-coupled device as the delay element. The use of these techniques, there will still be a large background noise, but by adjusting the threshold level of emission time, almost eliminated. The above method is not a new method, and theoretical discussions can be found in many books (eg Ref. [1], [2]), but only modern techniques can be used. However, there are few published experiments so far. Figure 1 illustrates the improvement of seeker.