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目的分析2015年厦门市学龄前儿童体格发育状况。方法选取2015年5月厦门市39所托幼机构12404例3~6岁在园儿童体检资料,收集年龄、性别、身高、体质量等资料进行整理和分析。结果 3~6岁学龄前儿童体质量达均值、身高达均值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3~6岁男学龄前儿童体质量达均值、身高达均值高于女学龄前儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3~6岁男学龄前儿童低体质量发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3~6岁女学龄前儿童消瘦、生长迟缓发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3~6岁男学龄前儿童低体质量、消瘦、生长迟缓发生率低于女学龄前儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3~6岁男学龄前儿童肥胖发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3~6岁女学龄前儿童超重、肥胖发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3~6岁男学龄前儿童超重、肥胖发生率高于女学龄前儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论厦门市学龄前儿童体格发育状况良好,低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦发生率较低,但超重及肥胖的发生率增高,应引起重视,各托幼机构需加强对学龄前儿童的关注,做好营养指导和管理工作,定期进行健康体检和宣传教育,强化锻炼机制,提升儿童的身体素质。
Objective To analyze the physical development of preschool children in Xiamen in 2015. Methods The physical examination data of 12,404 children aged 3-6 years from 39 nurseries in Xiamen City were collected and analyzed by age, sex, height, body weight and so on in May, 2015. Results The body weight of 3 ~ 6 years old preschool children reached the mean value, the height reached the mean value, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The average body weight of 3-6-year-old male preschool children was higher than that of female preschool children, with a significant difference (P <0.05). The prevalence of low birth weight among 3 ~ 6 years old male preschool children was significantly different (P <0.05). The incidence of lean and slow growth in 3 ~ 6 years old preschool children was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of low birth weight, weight loss and growth retardation in 3-6-year-old male preschool children was lower than that of female preschool children (P <0.05). The incidence of obesity in 3 ~ 6 years old preschool children was significantly different (P <0.05). The incidence of overweight and obesity in 3 ~ 6 years old preschool children was significantly different (P <0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in 3 ~ 6 years old male preschool children was higher than that in female preschool children, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The pre-school children in Xiamen have good physical development, low body weight, slow growth and low incidence of weight loss. However, the incidence of overweight and obesity is increasing, which should be paid more attention to. Nurseries and kindergartens should pay more attention to preschool children, Good nutrition guidance and management, regular physical examination and publicity and education, and strengthen the exercise mechanism to enhance children’s physical fitness.