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植物细胞和组织培养,就是应用无菌培养的方法,在合成培养基上培养植物的离体器官、组织和细胞,使之生长发育。原来仅作为一种实验技术,经过人们七十多年的大量研究和积极探索,时至今日不仅在理论上有了重大进展,而且在实际应用上也显示出广阔的前景。它是科学上理论研究和实际应用相结合的一个好范例。在理论研究中最重要的成就是确证了植物细胞的全能性,即植物体细胞在离体条件下能诱导器官分化和再生植株。这就为组织培养应用于农业生产,如加速无性系的繁殖和单倍体育种等,开辟了途径。这些技术在药用植物的育种、繁殖上同样是适用的。如浙贝(Fritillaria thunbergii)在培养中,能诱导
In plant cells and tissue culture, sterile culture methods are used to cultivate the isolated organs, tissues and cells of plants in a synthetic medium for growth and development. Originally only as an experimental technique, after much research and active exploration of people for more than 70 years, it has not only made significant progress in theory, but has also shown broad prospects in practical applications. It is a good example of a combination of theoretical research and practical application in science. The most important achievement in theoretical research is to confirm the pluripotency of plant cells, that is, plant somatic cells can induce organ differentiation and regenerate plants under in vitro conditions. This opens the way for tissue culture to be applied to agricultural production, such as accelerating the breeding of clones and haploid breeding. These techniques are also applicable to the breeding and propagation of medicinal plants. If Fritillaria thunbergii is cultivated, it can induce