六十年代以来,许多国家对儿童时期呼吸系疾病进行了较大规模的流行病学调查,发现儿童对环境污染比成人更为敏感,设想儿童时期的各种因素可能影响慢性呼吸系疾病的发生。本文作者对美国Pennsyl-vania州Ckestnut山区4,071名6岁至14岁在校儿童进行了呼吸系疾病的标准化调查,并评价了儿童本身的因素和所处家庭环境对呼吸系症状发生的作用。作者采用美国胸科协会肺部疾病分会1978年制订的呼吸系统标准化调查表(ATS-DLD-78-C),由接受普查儿童的父母填表。调查表内容包括:人口统计资料,所处家庭内环境,呼吸系症状(慢性咳嗽、 Since the 1960s, many countries have conducted large-scale epidemiological investigations of respiratory diseases in childhood and found that children are more sensitive to environmental pollution than adults. It is envisaged that various factors in childhood may affect the occurrence of chronic respiratory diseases . The authors conducted a standardized survey of 4,071 school-aged children aged 6 to 14 years with respiratory diseases in Ckestnut Hills, Pennsyl-vania State, and assessed the effects of children’s own factors and respiratory conditions on the family environment in which they live. The authors used a standardized standardized respiratory questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C) developed by the American Thoracic Society Lung Diseases Chapter in 1978 to fill the list of parents of children undergoing census. The survey includes demographics, home environment, respiratory symptoms (chronic cough,