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新疆东疆盆地属于资源性缺水地区.流域内大部分河流的补给依赖于东天山高山区丰富的降水与冰川融水.1981年中日联合考察和2009年中国科学院天山冰川站对该区博格达峰3条冰川考察表明,夏季消融强烈,并有加速退缩趋势.基于1962/1972年地形图及近期的ASTER和SPOT5遥感影像资料,研究了博格达山脉203条冰川和哈尔里克山75条冰川的进退情况.结果表明:在1962～2006年间博格达峰地区冰川面积减小了21.6%(0.49%a-1),长度平均退缩181m,冰储量减小了28%;1972～2005年间哈尔里克山冰川面积减小了10.5%(0.32%a-1),长度平均退缩166m,冰储量减小了14%.南坡冰川退缩快于北坡,其中博格达山脉南北坡冰川面积分别减小了25.3%和16.9%,哈尔里克山脉分别减小了12.3%和6.6%.小于0.5km2的冰川退缩最为强烈,而大于2km2的冰川将会成为未来径流的主要贡献者.东疆盆地水系的冰川消融总体呈增强趋势,水资源处在不断恶化之中.该地区坎儿井数量及其水量的锐减,以及有无冰川补给河流径流量的显著变化均与上游冰川退缩有关,未来将会对下游的乌鲁木齐市和吐鲁番盆地的水资源产生影响.
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a water resource-poor region. The supply of most of the rivers in the basin depends on abundant precipitation and glacier melting in the high mountains of East Tianshan. In 1981, the Sino-Japanese joint inspection and the 2009 Tianshan Glacier Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences Based on the topographic maps of 1962/1972 and the recent ASTER and SPOT5 remote sensing images, 203 glaciers in the Bogda Mountains and Harrick The results show that the area of glacier in Bogda Peak area decreased by 21.6% (0.49% a-1) from 1962 to 2006, the average length of the glacier retreat was 181m, and the ice reserve decreased by 28%. From 2005 to 2005, the glacier in Halilik area decreased by 10.5% (0.32% a-1), with an average length of 166m and a 14% decrease in ice storage. The southern slope retreated more rapidly than the northern slope, Glaciers in the north and south slopes decreased by 25.3% and 16.9%, respectively, and the Halrick range decreased by 12.3% and 6.6% respectively. Glaciers less than 0.5km2 were most strongly retreated, while glaciers larger than 2km2 would be the major runoff in the future Contributors. The glacier ablation in the basin of the East Xinjiang Basin showed an overall trend of increase in water Resources are deteriorating.The number of Karez wells in the region and their water cutoffs, and the significant changes in the runoff of the glacier-fed rivers are all related to the retreat of the upper glaciers, which will affect the water quality in the downstream Urumqi and Turpan basins Resources have an impact.