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目的:对24种药用植物醇提物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性和抗氧化活性进行筛选研究。方法:70%乙醇回流提取植物粗提物;目标粗提物采用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次萃取,得到氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水部位;乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测定采用改良的Ellman法和薄层色谱(TLC)生物自显影法相结合的方法;抗氧化活性采用清除DPPH自由基能力进行评价。结果:结合改良Ellman法和TLC生物自显影法对24种植物的醇提物的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行评价,结果表明红毛七、金不换、飞龙掌血、白花映山红和八角枫5种植物粗提物具有显著的抑制活性,在终浓度为1 g.L-1时,其抑制率分别为(88.72±1.47)%,(82.25±1.32)%,(77.71±1.61)%,(77.00±1.38)%,(75.22±1.28)%,其清除DPPH自由基IC50分别为153.75,74.95,50.00,10.87,24.40 mg.L-1。在这5种植物粗提物不同萃取部位中,红毛七和金不换氯仿部位对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性最强,其IC50为33.97,38.79 mg.L-1,其清除DPPH自由基的IC50为302.95,79.45 mg.L-1。结论:金不换和红毛七粗提物氯仿部位具有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性和抗氧化活性,可进行进一步的追踪分离研究。
OBJECTIVE: To screen the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts from 24 medicinal plants. Methods: The crude extract of plant was extracted by refluxing with 70% ethanol. The crude extracts were extracted with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase Ellman method and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) biosensor method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging DPPH free radical. Results: The anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of alcoholic extracts from 24 species of plants were evaluated by improved Ellman’s method and TLC autoradiography. The results showed that 5 kinds of plants The crude extracts showed significant inhibitory activity. The inhibitory rates were (88.72 ± 1.47)%, (82.25 ± 1.32)%, (77.71 ± 1.61)% and (77.00 ± 1.38)% respectively at the final concentration of 1 gL- %, (75.22 ± 1.28)%, respectively. The IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging were 153.75, 74.95, 50.00, 10.87 and 24.40 mg.L-1, respectively. Among the five extracts of the five plant extracts, the extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus and Acacia chinense have the strongest inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with the IC50 of 33.97 and 38.79 mg.L-1, and the IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 302.95 , 79.45 mg.L-1. CONCLUSION: The chloroform fraction of the crude extract of Rhodiola esculentum and Chinense extracts has strong AChE activity and anti-oxidative activity, and can be further traced and isolated.