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关于氯霉素及其水溶液的稳定性,文献已有报道。氯霉素在结晶状态很稳定。在 pH2～7特别在弱酸性水溶液中尚稳定,但能被磷酸盐、醋酸或枸橼酸盐等催化水解。在 pH 大于7的水溶液中不太稳定,其酰胺键水解和脱氯反应的速度均增大。氯霉素水溶液贮于20～22℃270天后分解50%,而用硼酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)配制并贮于同样条件仅分解14%。按 BPC(1973)配制的氯霉素滴眼剂,密闭贮于2～8℃可保存17个月,而贮于室温,仅能保存5个月。氯霉素滴眼剂于98～100℃灭菌30分钟,贮于20℃4个月或4℃2年后分解不超过10%。
On the stability of chloramphenicol and its aqueous solution, the literature has been reported. Chloramphenicol in the crystalline state is very stable. In pH2 ~ 7 especially in weak acidic aqueous solution is still stable, but can be phosphate, acetic acid or citrate catalytic hydrolysis. In pH> 7 aqueous solution is not very stable, the amide bond hydrolysis and dechlorination reaction rates are increased. The aqueous chloramphenicol solution was stored for 50% at 270 ° C for 20-22 ° C and in borate buffer (pH 7.4) and stored for 14% in the same conditions. According to BPC (1973) preparation of chloramphenicol eye drops, sealed storage at 2 ~ 8 ℃ can be stored for 17 months, while stored at room temperature, can only be stored for 5 months. Chloramphenicol eye drops are sterilized at 98-100 ° C for 30 minutes and stored at 4 ° C at 20 ° C or less than 10% after 2 years at 4 ° C.