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噬菌体是能够感染细菌、放线菌或螺旋体等微生物的病毒的总称,自然环境产生的噬菌体不能独立生存,只能寄生于宿主菌进行繁殖,这种繁殖过程也是其杀菌的过程.近年来,全球范围细菌耐药性的增加导致了“后抗生素时代”即将到来,促使科学家们探索抗生素的替代疗法,噬菌体疗法重新进入研究者视线中.已有研究者应用噬菌体及噬菌体裂解酶成功治疗了细菌性角膜炎、眼内炎及结膜炎,它在杀灭病原菌同时,还可保持眼部结构的完整.本文主要阐述噬菌体结构及分类、发现及发展历程、侵染细菌过程、治疗眼科疾病的应用和治疗特点,并进一步探讨该疗法在眼科疾病中的应用前景.“,”Phage (bacteriophage) is a kind of viruses which can infect bacteria,actinomyces and spirochetes.The phage can only reproduced by host bacteria instead of living independently.The process of phage reproduction is also the process of sterilization.Nowadays,the “post-antibiotic era” that leading by global rise in bacterial resistance,urges scientists to explore alternative therapies for antibiotics.The phage therapy has attracted the attention of researchers.Several researchers has successfully treated bacterial keratitis,endophthalmitis and conjunctivitis by using bacteriophage and phage lyzyme.Phage not only kills pathogenic bacteria,but also maintains the structural integrity of eye.This article reviewed the phage structure and classification,the process of its discovery and development,the bactericidal mechanism of phage,its application and therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of ophthalmological diseases.