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一、公海渔业的基本概念 按照传统的观念,公海是指各国领海以外不受任何国家管辖和支配的海域。但是80年代以来,随着专属经济区和大陆架制度的确立,在领海范围以外还存在着国家管辖范围内的海域,而且其范围日益扩大,而公海(国际水域)即国家管辖范围外的海域越来越小。公海的概念和范围因而发生了变化。1982年12月第三次联合国海洋法会议通过的、并于1994年11月16日起正式生效的《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)第七部分“公海”部分明确指出:“本部分的规定适用于不包括在国家的专属经济区、领海或内水或群岛水域内的全部海域”。换言之,公海指各国领海、内水、专属经济区和群岛水域以外不受任何国家主权管辖和支配的海洋
First, the basic concept of the high seas fishery According to the traditional concept, the high seas are beyond the territorial waters of any country jurisdiction and domination by any country. However, since the 1980s, with the establishment of a system of exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf, there are areas beyond the limits of the territorial sea that are within the limits of national jurisdiction and are expanding in scope. The high seas (international waters), that is, the sea beyond the limits of national jurisdiction The smaller it is. The concept and scope of the high seas have therefore changed. The “High Seas” part VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, adopted by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in December 1982 and coming into force on November 16, 1994, clearly states: “The” The provisions of this section apply to all exclusions from the exclusive economic zone, territorial sea or internal waters or archipelagic waters of the State ". In other words, the high seas are the seas outside the territorial waters, internal waters, exclusive economic zones and archipelagic waters of all countries that are not subject to the sovereignty and domination of any country