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引言近几年来在研制28～150GHz频率范围,能产生200～500kW连续波功率的微波管方面作出了很大的努力,一种特殊的称为回旋管的微波器件,己应用于聚变能系统中的电子回旋谐振加热(ECRH)。回旋管的输出部分包含一个圆片形式的陶瓷窗,通过金属化和钎焊工艺将其连接在管子上。这种用来保持回旋管内部真空的陶瓷窗,必须具有传输微波能而很少吸收微波能的能力。诸如BeO和Al_2O_3这一类商用多晶陶瓷已成功地用于28GHz管中,
Introduction In recent years, great efforts have been made in the development of microwave tubes with a frequency range of 28-150 GHz and capable of generating continuous power of 200-500 kW. A special type of microwave device called a gyrotron has been used in fusion energy systems Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH). The output section of the gyrotron contains a ceramic window in the form of a disk that is attached to the tube by a metallization and brazing process. This ceramic window, which is used to maintain the vacuum inside the gyrator, must have the ability to transmit microwave energy with little absorption of microwave energy. Commercial polycrystalline ceramics such as BeO and Al 2 O 3 have been successfully used in 28 GHz tubes,