什么是材料?人们一般认为:钢铁、铜、铝等金属是材料。事实上,科学技术发展到今天,材料的概念已远远超出了金属的范畴。除了金属材料之外,还有非金属材料,如陶瓷、半导体、聚合物(塑料)、玻璃、介电材料、纤维、木材、砂子、石块以及各类复合材料等都是材料。总之,材料是指那些能够用来制作构件、机器、器具(件)或其它制品的物质。人类使用的材料可以看成是处在一个巨大的材料循环之中。例如:通过采矿、挖掘,从地下得到原材料;然后加工成坯材,如金属锭、碎石、石油化工材料;再制成工程材料:如电线、钢材、水泥、塑料等等,以满足社会对最终产品的要求。最后, What is the material? People generally think: steel, copper, aluminum and other metals are materials. In fact, the development of science and technology today, the concept of material has gone far beyond the scope of the metal. In addition to metallic materials, non-metallic materials such as ceramics, semiconductors, polymers (plastics), glass, dielectric materials, fibers, wood, sand, stones and various types of composites are materials. In short, materials are those substances that can be used to make components, machinery, appliances, or other articles. Materials used by humans can be thought of as being in a huge loop of material. For example: through the mining, excavation, get raw materials from the ground; and then processed into billets, such as ingots, gravel, petrochemical materials; and then made of engineering materials: such as wires, steel, cement, plastics, etc., to meet the community The final product requirements. At last,