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根据珠三角地区机动车挥发性有机物排放(VOCs)贡献特征,选取在用轻型汽油车、轻型柴油车、液化石油气(LPG)出租车和摩托车,采用底盘测功机及实际道路测试,获取了以上车型尾气排放的VOCs化学成分(59种非甲烷碳氢化合物)特征谱.轻型汽油车以及摩托车的尾气组成中芳香烃含量最高,其次为烷烃;苯系物、异戊烷以及乙烯占轻型汽油车尾气VOCs组成的54.5%;苯系物、异戊烷以及乙炔占摩托车尾气组成的54.6%.轻型柴油车的尾气组成中烷烃比例最高,其次是芳香烃和烯炔烃.除了苯和甲苯,正十一烷、正十二烷、正癸烷、乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯亦在柴油车尾气中占有重要比例(41.2%).LPG出租车尾气组成以丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷为主,并伴有较高比例的1,2,4-三甲基苯、1,2,3-三甲基苯和甲苯.与类似研究比较结果表明:由于在油品、排放标准及采样与分析方法等方面的差异,机动车排放源成分谱相关研究结果仍存在一定的差异性,建议对机动车成分谱研究在尾气采样与分析方法等方面进行规范化和标准化.
According to the contribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in motor vehicles in the Pearl River Delta region, the tests were conducted using light gasoline vehicles, light diesel vehicles, LPG taxis and motorcycles, chassis dynamometer and actual road tests The characteristics of VOCs (59 kinds of non-methane hydrocarbons) emitted by the above vehicle exhaust were characterized by the highest aromatics content, followed by the alkanes in the exhaust gas composition of light gasoline vehicles and motorcycles, followed by benzene, isopentane and ethylene 54.5% of the light gasoline vehicle exhaust VOCs; benzene series, isopentane and acetylene accounted for 54.6% of the motorcycle exhaust gas composition. Light diesel vehicle exhaust composition of the highest proportion of alkanes, followed by aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins. In addition to benzene And toluene, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-decane, ethylene, propylene and 1-butene also occupy a significant proportion of the diesel exhaust (41.2%). LPG taxi exhaust consists of propane, n-butane , Isobutane, accompanied by a higher proportion of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and toluene.Compared with similar research results show that: due to the oil, Emission standards and sampling and analysis methods and other differences in motor vehicles Relevant research results of emission source spectrum still have some differences. It is suggested that the study of composition spectrum of motor vehicles should be standardized and standardized in aspects of sampling and analysis of exhaust gas.