提高切削用量、广泛地运用程序控制和转化到“无人工艺操作”对机床的轴承和导轨都提出新的要求。这些要求是固定的轴承状态检测和自动优选它们的动作规范;实现这些要求能够提高设备的质量和可靠性。我们以有节流器供油系统的液体静压闭式轴承为例,说明在这方面进行工作的必要性。阻碍它们更加广泛应用的根本缺点是,节流器阻塞的可能性;供油系统状态检测的复杂性;运行特性(其中有油膜刚度)对节流比m=p_h/p_H的依赖性(p_k-轴承的油腔压力;p_H-供 Increasing the amount of cutting, the extensive use of program control and conversion to “unmanned process operations” put forward new requirements on the machine bearings and rails. These requirements are fixed bearing condition detection and automatic optimization of their action specifications; fulfilling these requirements can improve the quality and reliability of the equipment. For example, we use a hydrostatic closed-type bearing with a throttle system to illustrate the necessity of working in this area. The fundamental drawbacks that hinder their wider application are the possibility of choke clogging; the complexity of the state-of-the-art detection of the oil supply system; the dependency of the operating characteristics (with oil film stiffness) on the throttle ratio m = p_h / p_H (p_k- Bearing pressure of the oil chamber; p_H- for