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沙眼衣原体专性细胞内寄生,是导致全世界细菌性性传播疾病的首位病原菌。沙眼衣原体感染下生殖道往往缺乏明显的临床症状。如果治疗不及时,该病原菌可以上行感染至输卵管及卵巢并引起炎症性的损害,最终可以导致严重的并发症如输卵管性不孕。沙眼衣原体对输卵管的损伤不可逆且永久存在,这种损伤是由宿主的先天及后天免疫应答所致。临床及实验室研究发现有许多因素参与了衣原体所致的输卵管损伤,包括衣原体的免疫病理学损伤、衣原体热休克蛋白cHSP60及cHSP10、炎性细胞因子、基质金属蛋白酶、活化素、诱导型一氧化氮合酶等。最新的假说认为多个正反馈环路可能也参与了沙眼衣原体所致的输卵管损伤。尽管提出了许多观点,但是沙眼衣原体对输卵管损伤的具体机制仍有待于进一步明确。
Chlamydia trachomatis specialized intracellular parasites, is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in the world. Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the genital tract often lack significant clinical symptoms. If the treatment is not timely, the pathogen can be up to the fallopian tubes and ovaries and cause inflammatory damage, which can eventually lead to serious complications such as tubal infertility. Chlamydia trachomatis tubal damage irreversibly and permanently, this damage is caused by the host’s innate and acquired immune response. Clinical and laboratory studies have found many factors involved in the tubal injury caused by chlamydia, including the immunopathological damage of chlamydia, the chlamydial heat shock proteins cHSP60 and cHSP10, inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, activin, inducible monoxide Nitrogen synthase and so on. The latest hypothesis is that multiple positive feedback loops may also be involved in C. trachomatis-induced fallopian tube injury. Despite many perspectives, the exact mechanism by which Chlamydia trachomatis damages fallopian tube remains to be further elucidated.