以普通小麦京冬8号为母本,八倍体小黑麦劲松5号为父本,杂交获得杂种F1代。在对杂种F1代和亲本进行形态学和细胞学鉴定的基础上利用扫描电子显微镜对亲本和杂种F1代的叶表皮及气孔亚显微形态进行比较,得知3种供试材料叶表皮亚显微形态共同的特征是有气孔器、长细胞和毛细胞,细胞排列与叶脉平行,但母本普通小麦的叶表皮细胞轮廓清晰,排列较为整齐、光滑,气孔排列呈直线,哑铃状的保卫细胞有长短不一的刺毛;父本八倍体小黑麦的气孔周围有横向和纵向排列的嵴状凸起,气孔呈长方形、较大,排列方式总体也呈直线型,保卫细胞非常明显,但刺毛极少且短;杂种F1代无论是叶表面还是气孔的亚显微形态都与父本更相似,所不同的是叶表皮有刺毛,气孔大小介于两亲本之间。杂种F1代与双亲在形态学、叶表皮及气孔超显微形态特征上均有明显差异;超显微形态学指标也可以作为区分、鉴定远缘杂种和亲本的一项依据。 Using the common wheat Jingdong 8 as the female parent and the octagonal black rye Jinsong 5 as the male parent, the hybrid F1 was obtained. Based on morphological and cytological identification of F1 hybrids and their parents, the leaf epidermal and stomatal submicroscopic morphology of F1 hybrid and F1 hybrids was compared by scanning electron microscopy. Micromorphology common features are stomatal apparatus, long cells and hair cells, cells arranged parallel with the veins, but the mother of common wheat leaf epidermal cells outline clear, arranged in a more orderly, smooth, stomatal alignment was straight, dumbbell-shaped guard cells There are different lengths of bristles; male octoploid triticale stomata around the horizontal and vertical arrangement of crest-like bulge, stomata were rectangular, larger, the arrangement is generally linear, the guard cells are very obvious, But there were few and short bristles. The submicroscopic morphology of both the leaf surface and the stoma in hybrid F1 was more similar to that of the male parent, except that the leaf epidermis had the barges and the stoma size was between the two parents. Morphological, leaf epidermis and stomatal ultrastructural characteristics of hybrid F1 generation and their parents were significantly different. The ultrastructural morphological index also could be used as a basis to distinguish and identify distant hybrids and their parents.