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122毫米口径的BM-21“冰雹”火箭炮(又称“9K51”)于20世纪50年代中后期开始研制,1965年正式进入苏联红军现役。由于性能出众,该炮在很长时间里得到大规模生产,仅苏联莫托维利哈兵工厂一家就生产了3000多门,外加300万枚火箭弹。除了苏联,世界上还有许多国家和地区使用并仿造了这种火箭炮,例如中国、埃及、伊拉克、伊朗、南斯拉夫和南非等。1994年年初,俄武装力量还有4500门BM-21火箭炮仍在服役,另外30多个国家则装备了3000门。可以毫不夸张地说,在100～152毫米口径范围内,BM-21“冰雹”是全球战斗效率最高的一种火炮。
The 122mm caliber BM-21 Hailfire rocket (also known as “9K51”) was developed in the mid-to-late 1950s and officially entered active service with the Soviet Red Army in 1965. Due to its superior performance, the gun was mass-produced over a long period of time, with the production of more than 3,000 doors and 3 million rockets by the Soviets Motto Wilhelm Arsenal alone. In addition to the Soviet Union, many other countries and regions in the world use and replicate such rockets, such as China, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Yugoslavia and South Africa. At the beginning of 1994, there were still 4,500 BM-21 rocket launchers still in service in the Russian Armed Forces and 3,000 in more than 30 other countries. It is no exaggeration to say that the BM-21 “hail” is the most efficient type of artillery in the world in the 100- to 152-mm range.