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目前肺癌的发病率和病死率均在迅速上升,死于癌病的男性病人中肺癌已居首位,这使肺癌在很多的癌症种类中成为了世界关注的焦点。由于吸烟和各种环境因素的影响,虽然肺癌的手术方法和化疗、放疗等技术均在不断的发展,但肺癌患者总的5年生存率仍没有显著提高。随着分子生物学理论和很多生物学技术的飞速发展,肺癌的基因治疗已经取得了令人瞩目的结果,同时基因治疗成为肺癌生物治疗的重要组成部分。双链RNA经酶切后会形成很多小片段,称为小干扰RNA(siRNA),这些小片段一旦与信使RNA(mRNA)中的同源序列按配对原则互补结合,会导致mRNA失去功能,不能翻译产生蛋白质,即使基因“沉默”。通过采用基因干扰沉默的技术,把一些影响癌症的基因沉默,抑制癌细胞的生长,从而达到治疗癌症的目的。
At present, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are rising rapidly. Among the male patients who die of cancer, lung cancer ranks the first place, which makes lung cancer a focus of attention in many cancers worldwide. Due to the influence of smoking and various environmental factors, the overall 5-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer has not significantly increased although surgical techniques of lung cancer and technologies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are continuously developing. With the rapid development of molecular biology theory and many biological technologies, gene therapy of lung cancer has achieved remarkable results, and gene therapy has become an important part of biological treatment of lung cancer. Double-stranded RNA is digested and cleaved into small fragments known as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These small fragments, once complementary to the cognate sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA), complement each other by the principle of pairing, resulting in loss of function of the mRNA. Translation produces a protein, even though the gene is “silent.” Through the use of gene silencing technology, some of the genes that affect cancer are silenced and the growth of cancer cells is inhibited, so as to achieve the purpose of treating cancer.