一、绪言热力学温标是各种温度测量的基础,是在广泛的温度范围内借助气体温度计来体现的。由于用气体温度计进行测量特别困难和费时,因此几百年来人们以极大的努力将温度测量的实用方法和热力学温标进行比较。1927年国际计量大会通过了第一个 I. INTRODUCTION Thermodynamic temperature scale is the basis of various temperature measurement and is reflected by gas thermometer in a wide temperature range. Since it is particularly difficult and time-consuming to measure with a gas thermometer, there have been hundreds of years of great efforts to compare the practical method of temperature measurement with the thermodynamic temperature scale. The first one was adopted by the International Conference of Metrology in 1927