心理表征是人类认识世界过程中必不可少的环节,它与隐喻有着极为密切的关系。隐喻既是一种修辞方式,也是一种认知和表征手段。心理表征的根隐喻主要有两种:一是逻辑隐喻,另一是比例模型隐喻,它们都有各自的优势。前者具有解释思想序列的保真性、解释的系统性、抽象表征性和描述性特征,后者具有易操作性、结构同一性、可测量性、易理解性和对框架问题的免疫性特征;前者通常会遇到框架问题,后者则对框架问题有免疫性。而仅依据内在和外在表征的区别来说明这两种隐喻对框架问题的敏感性是有问题的,因为这太依赖于固有和任意约束的区别。认知科学家常常以这两个隐喻为前提,试图通过机械化形式实现人的认知和思维过程,而这些也正是科学哲学家极为感兴趣并提出质疑的症结所在。 Psychological representation is an indispensable link in human’s understanding of the world. It has a very close relationship with metaphor. Metaphor is both a rhetorical device and a means of cognition and representation. There are two kinds of root metaphors of psychological representation: one is logical metaphor and the other is metaphor of proportionality model, each of which has its own advantages. The former has the features of fidelity, systematic explanation, abstract characterization and descriptiveness, which explain the sequence of ideas. The latter has the features of easy manipulation, structural identity, measurability, comprehensibility and immunity to the framework problem. The former Frame problems are often encountered, while the latter are immune to frame issues. The sensitivity of the two metaphors to the framework of the problem to be based solely on the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic representations is questionable as it relies too much on the distinction between inherent and arbitrary constraints. Cognitive scientists often use these two metaphors as a precondition to try to realize the process of human cognition and thinking by means of mechanization, and these are exactly the cruxes that science philosophers are extremely interested in and question.