历史认识论的迫切性由脱离实证主义传统、出现新的科学范式和人文知识的作用增强而引起。后实证主义时代强调的是人文知识特有的观点、解释和整体方法在任何科学中都具有的那种意义。至于历史科学本身,那么其中在认识论方面可以看到两个最主要的派别。 其中之一与结构主义的危机有关,某些学者认为,在结构主义范围内,人被遗忘了。这一派别着重于单个的人,其根源不仅有李凯尔特、文德尔班、狄尔泰的个别记述法和柯林伍德的观念—— The urgency of epistemology of history stems from the increase of its role as a departure from the tradition of positivism and the emergence of new scientific paradigms and humanistic knowledge. Post-positivism emphasizes the notion unique to humanistic knowledge, its interpretation, and the meaning that the holistic approach has in any science. As for history science itself, two of the most prominent factions can be seen in epistemology. One of them is related to the crisis of structuralism. Some scholars think that people are forgotten within the framework of structuralism. This faction focuses on a single person, rooted not only in the individual accounts of Lawrence, Wendlbane, Dilthey and Collingwood’s notion -