一、引言 在过去几年中,人们对共因失效(最初被称为共模失效)的兴趣在不断增加。这些失效发生在为了达到其高可靠性而采用了余度技术的十分完整的系统中。在这样的失效中,一个事件或 I. INTRODUCTION In the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in common-cause failures (originally called common-mode failures). These failures occur in a very complete system that uses redundancy technology to achieve its high reliability. In such a failure, an event or