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一、概念人工呼吸器是目前抢救呼吸衰竭用于辅助或代替病人自主呼吸,达到增加通气量,从而改善换气功能的一种比较完善的工具。人工呼吸器的临床应用历史不长,直到20世纪初才有铁肺型自动呼吸器的出现,这种呼吸器的节律不能与病人的自主呼吸合拍,故主要用于呼吸肌麻痹或呼吸停止的病人,作为控制呼吸之用。1952年丹麦脊髓灰质炎大流行时,使用简易人工呼吸器救治了不少呼吸肌麻痹的病人。当时总的死亡率是61～65%。此后,人工呼吸器的适应症逐渐扩展,呼吸器的自动化程度也逐年有了提高。在六十年代,呼吸功能不全的死亡率下降到35～40%。尤其最近十年来,人工呼吸器的发展日臻完善,不但做到了与病人同步而且在吸入气体的温度,湿度,氧浓度,潮气量以及呼吸频率
First, the concept of artificial respirator Rescue respiratory failure is currently used to supplement or replace the patient’s spontaneous breathing, to increase the ventilation, thereby improving the ventilation function of a more perfect tool. The clinical application of artificial respirators has not been long before the beginning of the 20th century, with the appearance of an iron lung-type automatic respirator. The rhythm of this respirator can not be synchronized with the patient’s spontaneous respiration. Therefore, it is mainly used for respiratory paralysis or respiratory arrest Patient, used to control breathing. When the polio pandemic of Denmark in 1952, the use of simple respirators to treat a lot of respiratory muscle paralysis patients. At that time, the overall mortality rate was 61-65%. Since then, the indications of artificial respirators gradually expanded, the degree of automation of respirators have also increased year by year. In the 1960s, the mortality rate of respiratory insufficiency dropped to 35 to 40%. In particular, the development of respirators has been perfected in recent 10 years not only in synchronization with the patients but also in the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, tidal volume and respiratory rate of inhaled gases