免疫妥协宿主(ICH)是当前日益得到重视的特殊群体,易发生感染,尤其是条件致病菌的感染,而且感染的病死率高。但ICH感染的临床表现和影像学特点不典型,且缺少特异性,故较难及时正确地诊断。及时正确的诊断及对治疗的有效评估是降低ICH并发感染病死率的首要条件,本文简要概括ICH肺部感染的诊断思维,阐述了ICH的认定及评估的重点环节、ICH肺部感染的鉴别诊断原则及ICH肺部阴影的临床评估程序。 Immunocompromised host (ICH) is a special group that is increasingly valued at present, prone to infection, especially opportunistic pathogen infection, and the high mortality rate of infection. However, the clinical manifestations and imaging features of ICH infection are not typical, and the lack of specificity, it is more difficult to timely and correctly diagnosed. Timely and correct diagnosis and effective evaluation of treatment is the primary condition to reduce the mortality of ICH complicated infection. This article briefly summarizes the diagnostic thinking of ICH pulmonary infection, elaborates the key points of ICH identification and evaluation, and the differential diagnosis of ICH pulmonary infection Principles and ICH lung shadow clinical evaluation procedures.