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印度中央与地方的财政关系一直是联邦制下两级政府矛盾的一个突出方面。根据1950年国大党政府制定的宪法,印度财政分中央政府和邦政府(包括直辖区)两级。宪法明确规定:“邦的繁荣必须建立在中央有雄厚的财力基础上”,因为中央要集中更多的财力以维护国家主权和领土完整,实现经济和社会发展目标,邦政府财政有困难“有权从中央政府获得财政援助”。在多党制的情况下,国大党政府要使邦政府在财政上依靠中央,从而在政治上也听命于中央。现在以新人民党为核心的少数党联合政府上台,这种财政体制不会有很大改变。40年来印度的财政在保证经济发展和国防建设方面是有成绩的,但在体制上存在一些复杂的问题,主要是:
The financial relations between central and local governments in India have always been a prominent aspect of the contradictions between the two levels of government under the federal system. According to the constitution established by the 1950 Congress government, India’s fiscal revenue is divided into two levels: the central government and the state government (including the direct jurisdiction). The Constitution stipulates clearly: “The prosperity of the state must be based on the abundant financial resources of the Central Government.” Because the Central Government wants to concentrate more financial resources to safeguard the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and achieve its economic and social development goals, the state government has some financial difficulties. “ Right to receive financial aid from the central government. ” In the case of a multi-party system, the Congress party’s government needs to make the state government financially dependent on the Central Government and therefore politically obeyed the Central Government. Now that the coalition government of the minority parties with the NPP as its core has taken office, this fiscal system will not change much. In the past 40 years, India’s fiscal policy has made achievements in ensuring economic development and national defense construction. However, there are some complicated problems in the system. The main ones are as follows: