南海是中国海洋资源最丰富的海区，主要特色资源是海底油气、热带生物资源和热带旅游资源。根据资源与产业的四种对应关系，南海需要着力发展的优势产业主要是海洋油气和石油化工业、滨海旅游业，名特优海洋生物养殖和加工业。要坚持在保护、恢复的基础上进行开发；依靠科技进步提高资源利用效率；健全运行机制下创资源管理的新局面。 South China Sea is China’s most abundant marine resources of the sea area, the main characteristics of resources are seabed oil and gas, tropical biological resources and tropical tourism resources. According to the four correspondences between resources and industries, the dominant industries in the South China Sea that need to make great efforts to develop are mainly the offshore oil and gas and petrochemical industries, coastal tourism, famous special marine culture and processing industries. We should insist on developing on the basis of protection and restoration; rely on scientific and technological progress to improve the efficiency of resource utilization; and improve the new situation of resource management under the operational mechanism.