Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related risk factors among uygur adults in Xinjiang. Methods We conducted cross-sectional investigation into detection rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tushala and surrounding areas (including 28 countries and natural villages) by random sampling. Also clinical physical and biological signs of subjects were tested using variance analysis, and risk factors were screened by using multiple factors Logistic regression analysis. Results Rates of detection, realization and treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in HeTian were 3.579%, 29.412% and 92.308% respectively. Detection rate of hyperlipemia was 63.064%. Statistical significance (P＜0.05) was indicated in detection rates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among uygur adults with different ages and abdominal circumferences (AC). The investigation also showed statistical significance in variable BMI distribution among subjects with different sex and waist-hip ratio (WHR, To compare subjects in Type 2 diabetes mellitus group with people having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in such levels as age, BMI, TG, Chol, HDL and LDL, it indicated statistical significance (P＜0.05). But statistical significance was found in environmental factors. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, BMI, WHR and AC were risk factors of type 2 diabetes, mellitus, HDL was protection factor of type 2 diabetes, mellitus. Conclusion Detection rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hetian is lower than detection rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus in other parts of Xinjiang, but it beats the average level in nation, while realization rate of T2DM is relatively low. And age, BMI, WHR and AC are risk factors of T2DM, so it suggest that health education should be emphasized, healthy diet should be advocated and prevention, cure for hyperlipemia will be improved.