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目的 观察不同剂量、不同染毒时间铝对脑神经细胞数和海马颗粒空泡变性 (GVD)的影响及神经细胞的结构变化 ,为探讨铝的神经毒作用机制提供依据。方法 14 4只大鼠分为腹腔注射AlCl3 剂量组 (分别为 5 0、15 0、2 5 0mg/kg/d)和生理盐水对照组 ,于染铝 4 ,8,12周处死动物 ,取各脑区标本进行光镜、电镜观察。 结果 与对照组比较 ,15 0mg/kg4周及 5 0mg/kg12周组 ,大脑顶叶锥体层锥体细胞、小脑浦肯野细胞和海马锥体细跑数显著减少 (P<0 0 5 ) :5 0mg/kg8周组、15 0mg/kg及 2 5 0mg/kg4周组的GVD细胞数即有明显增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且各剂量组细胞GVD阳性率与铝剂量有相关性 ;光镜下 5 0mg/kg8周组和 15 0mg/kg4周组即出现尼氏小体溶解消失、核固缩等现象 ;电镜下 2 5 0mg/kg12周组 ,出现核膜变形 ,核仁变小 ,核周空泡化 ,线粒体肿胀等 ;15 0mg/kg12周组海马神经细胞出现核涨大空化。结论 本实验结果进一步证实了铝的神经毒性 ,其中海马GVD可能起重要作用 ,并提示该毒性与铝导致神经细胞结构改变及细胞数减少有关
Objective To observe the effects of aluminum at different doses and different exposure time on the number of neurons and hippocampal granule degeneration (GVD) and the structural changes of nerve cells in order to provide evidence for the mechanism of aluminum neurotoxicity. Methods 14 rats were divided into AlCl3 intraperitoneal injection group (5 0,15 0,25 0 mg / kg / d) and normal saline control group, animals were sacrificed 4, 8 and 12 weeks after aluminum exposure, Brain specimens were light microscopy, electron microscopy. Results Compared with the control group, the number of fine pyramidal neurons in the pyramidal cells, Purkinje cells and hippocampal pyramidal neurons decreased significantly in the groups of 40 mg / kg for 4 weeks and 50 mg / kg for 12 weeks (P <0.05) : The number of GVD cells in 5 0 mg / kg 8 weeks group, 15 0 mg / kg and 250 mg / kg 4 weeks group increased significantly (P <0 05), and the positive rate of GVD was correlated with the aluminum dose in each dose group ; Under the light microscope, the groups of 50 mg / kg for 8 weeks and 15 0 mg / kg for 4 weeks showed the disappearance of Nissl body dissolved, nuclear pyknosis and so on; Small peritoneal vacuolization, mitochondria swelling and so on. In the 15-mg / kg group for 12 weeks, the nuclei of neurons in the hippocampus increased and cavitated. Conclusion The results of this experiment further confirmed the neurotoxicity of aluminum, in which hippocampal GVD may play an important role, and suggest that the toxicity and aluminum lead to structural changes in nerve cells and cell number decreased