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清季“遣使驻洋”是我国近代外交史上颇为重要的活动。本文拟对此作一简要的介绍和评述。一第二次鸦片战争期间签订的《中英天津条约》规定:“大清皇帝大英君主意存睦好不绝,约定照大邦和好常规,亦可任意交派秉权大员,分诣大清大英两国京师。”这是中外建交通使的最早“法定”依据。据此在第二次鸦片战争结束后,英、法、美等国,均先后派遣公使来京驻扎。清政府为了适应客观形势的需要,于1861年正式设一专办外交事务的机构——“总理各国事务衙门”(简称“总署”或“译署”)。不过“遣使驻洋”一事,由于受到客观条件的限制,还未能具体筹办,但已引起清廷的重视。
In the Qing Dynasty, “sending envoys to the mainland” is an important activity in the history of China’s modern diplomacy. This article intends to make a brief introduction and comment on it. The “Sino-British Tianjin Treaty” signed during the Second Opium War stipulates: “The Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty British Prime Minister’s idea of keeping harmony is good, agreeing to act according to the common law and common rules, British capital of Britain and China. ”This is the earliest“ legal ”basis for the diplomatic mission of China and foreign countries. Accordingly, after the Second Opium War, Britain, France, the United States and other countries dispatched their envoys to Beijing. In order to meet the needs of the objective situation, the Qing government formally set up a body specialized in foreign affairs in 1861, the Yamen of the Prime Ministers of various countries (referred to as the “General Administration” or the “Agency of Translation”). However, the issue of “deportation to the mainland” has not been properly organized due to the objective conditions, but it has drawn the attention of the Qing government.