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为了解山东省聊城地区蔬菜大棚土壤理化性质的变化情况,测定了该地区某百棚村不同种植年限(2~14年)蔬菜大棚不同深度(0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm和60~80 cm)土壤的pH、总盐分、硝态氮(NO_3~-)、氨氮(NH_4~+)、碱解态氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和总磷(TP)的含量,并以大棚外的露天农田土壤作为对照。结果表明,与农田土壤相比,大棚0~20 cm土壤表现出明显的pH值降低和盐渍化趋势,且氮、磷累积显著。随种植年限的增加,大棚土壤pH表现为显著降低,5 a大棚土壤pH平均下降了约0.50个单位,随后波动缓慢上升;总盐分、NO_3~-、NH_4~+、AN、AP和TP含量均表现为先增加,至一定年限后(≥9 a)又降低的变化趋势。大棚土壤各理化指标随种植年限的变化总体上呈二次或三次方程,NH_4~+则呈指数方程。各理化指标间相关性显著(P<0.01),pH与各理化指标均呈显著负相关,而总盐分、NO_3~-、AN、AP和TP之间呈显著正相关关系,说明大量施肥是导致大棚土壤pH降低、盐分和氮磷养分累积的重要原因。
In order to understand the change of soil physical and chemical properties in vegetable greenhouse in Liaocheng, Shandong Province, the effects of different depth of planting (0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm, 40 ~ 60 cm) And total nitrogen (NO_3 ~), NH_4 ~ +, AN, AP and TP of 60 ~ 80 cm soil layer were studied. , And open-air farm outside the greenhouse soil as a control. The results showed that compared with the farmland soil, the 0-20 cm soil in the greenhouse showed obvious decrease in pH value and salinization tendency, and significant accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus. With the increase of planting years, the pH value of greenhouse soil decreased significantly. The average soil pH of 5-year-old greenhouse decreased by about 0.50 units, and then fluctuated slowly. The content of total salt, NO_3 ~ -, NH_4 ~ +, AN, AP and TP The performance of the first increase, to a certain number of years (≥9 a) and then reduce the trend. The physical and chemical indexes of greenhouse soil changed quadratically or cubic with the change of planting years, while NH4 + showed exponential equation. There was a significant negative correlation between pH and each physico-chemical index (P <0.01), but there was a significant negative correlation between pH and NO-3, AN, AP and TP, indicating that a large amount of fertilization resulted in Greenhouse soil pH decreased, salt and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of important reasons.